Speech Sounds in English
Click on a letter for word lists and activity ideas.
Speech Sound Disorders
Speech sound disorders can be organic or functional in nature.
Organic (developmental or acquired)
- Motor/neurological - Dysarthria (execution) 
- Apraxia (planning) 
 
- Structural - Cleft palate or other orofacial anomalies 
- Structural deficits due to trauma or surgery 
 
- Sensory/Perceptual - Hearing impairment 
 
Functional (no known cause)
- Articulation (motor aspects) 
- Phonology (linguistic aspects) 
*ASHA.org
Treatment for Speech Sound Disorders
Speech sound targets and a treatment approach should be determined by a licensed speech-language pathologist. These may follow an articulation approach, a phonological/language-based approach, or a combination of both.
Common treatments include, but are not limited to…
- Articulation intervention 
- Cycles approach 
- Minimal pairs approach 
- Complexity approach 
- Natural speech intelligibility intervention 
- Speech sound perception training 
- Core vocabulary approach 
For details and a complete list visit the Amerian Speech-Language-Hearing Association website.
*Sources
“ASHA.” American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, www.asha.org/.
Crowe, K., & McLeod, S. (2020). Children's English Consonant Acquisition in the United States: A Review. https://doi.org/23814764000300140072
McLeod, S. & Crowe, K. (2018). Children’s consonant acquisition in 27 languages: A cross-linguistic review. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. doi:10.1044/2018_AJSLP-17-0100. Available from: https://ajslp.pubs.asha.org/article.aspx?articleid=2701897
 
          
        
       
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
            